Narrations are of two types :-
1) Direct Speech (प्रत्यक्ष संभाषण)
2) Indirect Speech (अप्रत्यक्ष संभाषण)
1) Direct speech:-
When the speaker directly tells his thoughts to the listener is called direct speech.
Exam. Teacher said to students, "I am going to teach you English grammar".
There are four factors of direct speech:-
1) speaker :- teacher
2) listener :- students
3) reporting verb :- said to
4) reported speech :- "I am going to teach you English grammar".
2) Indirect speech:-
When the thoughts of first person is told to third person by second person is called indirect speech.
Exa. Teacher told students that he was going to teach them English grammar.
There are four types of sentence in which indirect speech is occurred-
1) Assertive sentence
2) Interrogative sentence / Questions
3) Imperative sentence
4) Exclamatory sentence
1) Narration of Assertive sentence:-
A sentence which start from noun or pronoun having regular structure S + V1+ O + C and ends with full-stop is called assertive sentence.
Exam. He is playing cricket.
Assertive sentence are of two types :-
1) Affirmative or positive sentence
2) Negative sentence
1) Affirmative sentence:-
An assertive sentence having positive sense is called an affirmative sentence. for example :- He is a good boy.
2) Negative sentence:-
An assertive sentence having negative sense is called a negative sentence.
for example:- He is not a bad boy.
While converting direct speech of assertive sentence into indirect speech we have to follow following rules:-
1) use 'told' for 'said to'
2) use connective 'that'
3) remove inverted commas
4) make proper changes in tense
5) make proper changes in respective words and pronouns.
for example 1 :- Father said to mother, "I will buy a new saree for you tomorrow".
Answer :- Father told mother that he would buy a new saree for her the next day.
example 2 :- Rama said to Lakshmana, " you are not my big brother now".
Answer:- Rama told Lakshmana that he was not his big brother then.
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2) Narration of Interrogative Sentence / Questions :-
A sentence which used to ask some information is called an interrogative sentence or questions.
for example :- 1) What had they played on the ground ?
2) Does he think so?
There are two types of interrogative sentence or question :-
number 1- Wh-type questions
number 2 - Verbal questions
1) Narration of Wh-type question :-
A question which start form Wh-word i. e. where, who, whose, whom, why, what , how much, how many , etc. is called Wh-type questions.
for example :- Why are you late today.
While making indirect speech of Wh- question we have to follow following rules:-
1) use 'asked' for 'said to'
2) use connective given 'Wh-word'
3) change the given interrogative sentence into assertive sentence
4) make proper changes in tense, respective words and pronouns.
for example:- Mother said to daughter,
"Where are you going?"
Answer :- 1) Mother asked daughter where she was going.
2) Sister said to brother ,"Why did you angry on me yesterday ?"
Answer:- Sister asked brother why he had angried on her the day before?"
2) Narration of Verbal Question:-
The question which start from helping verb i.e. am, is ,are, was ,were, have, has, do ,does, did , will ,shall,can ,could ,may ,might ,would ,should ,etc.and ends with a question mark is called verbal question.
for example:- 1) Can I go there ?
2) Have you ever seen this plot?
While making Narration of Verbal question we have to follow falling rules:-
1) Use 'asked' for 'said to'
2) Use connective 'if' or 'whether'
3)Change verbal question into assertive sentence
4) make proper changes in tense, respective words and pronouns.
for example :-1) Sita said to Rama,"Will you bring that golden deer for me?"
Answer:- Sita asked Rama if he would bring that golden deer for her.
For example :- 2) Does he break the rules, Aakanksha?", said Dimpal.
Answer:- Dimpal asked Aakanksha if he broke the rules.
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3) Narration of Imperative Sentence:-
A sentence which start from main verb having requests, orders , commands and suggestions and ends with full stop is called Imperative Sentence.
Exa. 1) Keep quite. (+ve)
2) Don't make noise. (-ve)
Rules:-
1) use suggested, ordered, requested,and commanded for 'said to'.
2) take connective 'to' for positive sentence and 'not to' for negative sentence.
3) use the given verb as it is after it.
4) make proper changes in respective words and pronouns.
Exa. 1) Teacher said to students, " Do your homework regularly."
Answer:- Teacher ordered students to do their homework regularly.
2) Father said to daughter, "Don't make noise".
Answer :- Father ordered daughter not to make noise.
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4) Narration of Exclamatory Sentence:-
A sentence which start from 'what' or 'how' which expresses sudden feelings from the bottom of the heart and ends with exclamation sign (!) is called exclamatory sentence.
for example :- What a huge mountain this is !
Rules:-
1) Take 'exclaimed' for 'said to'.
2) Use connective 'that'.
3) Change the given exclamatory sentence into an Assertive sentence.
4) Make proper changes in tense, respective words and pronouns.
Exa. Sister said to Brother, " What a beautiful place I have seen!"
Answer:- Sister exclaimed brother that she had seen a very beautiful place.
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5) Narration of Universal Truth :-
A sentence which does not change its meaning anywhere and remains constant forever in the universe is called Universal Truth .
for example:- The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Rules to convert Narration:-
1) take told/ asked /ordered /requested /commanded /suggested or exclaimed on the place of 'said to ' according to the meaning and type of the sentence.
2) take connective 'that'.
3) take the given sentence as it is after connective.
4) there is no change in tense, respective words and pronouns.
Exam. 1) Teacher said to students, "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
Answer :- Teacher told students that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Exam. 2) Father said to daughter , "There are seven continents on the earth."
Answer :- Father told daughter that there are seven continents on the earth.
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6) Narration of the sentence start from Let's :-
Rules to convert narration:-
1) use 'suggested' for 'said to'.
2) use connective 'that'.
3) use 'they should' on the place of Let's.
4) take the given verb as it is after it.
5) make proper changes in respective words and pronouns.
Exam. 1) Teacher said to students, " Let's go to the picnic now."
Answer:- Teacher suggested students that they should go to the picnic then.
Exam. 2) Mother said to son, " Let's complete your homework tonight."
Answer :- Mother suggested son that they should complete his homework that night.
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